A review on managing biofouling on submerged static artificial structures in the marine environment

Ports, marinas and other man-made structures placed in the sea, are quickly colonised by biofouling organisms. The environmental, economic and cultural impacts of fouling communities on these structures vary, but in many cases can be significant. Surprisingly, there are few cost-effective tools available to combat this issue – our paper explores what key industries are doing at present, and look to vessel biofouling tools and other leads for new approaches to this age-old problem!

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